The Relationship Between Age, Parity and the Occurrence of High Risk Pregnancies Among Pregnant Women

Abstract

High-risk pregnancy remains one of the major causes of increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Most pregnancy complications can be detected early through optimal antenatal care. Maternal age and parity are factors that contribute to high-risk pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal age and parity and the incidence of high-risk pregnancy among pregnant women. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The population consisted of all pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Mayangan Public Health Center, Jombang Regency, in 2025, with 30 participants selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation and review of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbooks using the Poedji Rochjati Score Card (KSPR). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with α = 0.05. The results showed significant associations between maternal age and high-risk pregnancy (p = 0.001) and between parity and high-risk pregnancy (p = 0.012). In conclusion, maternal age and parity were significantly associated with high-risk pregnancy. Healthcare providers should strengthen early detection using KSPR and provide education on pregnancy planning and adherence to antenatal care (ANC). Future studies should involve larger samples and examine other risk factors.